The Sangam literature ( Tamil: சங்க இலக்கியம், Sanga ilakkiyam) is the ancient Tamil literature of the period in the history of south India (known as the Thamizhagam or the Tamilagam) spanning from c.
The surviving Gāndhāran Buddhist texts are written in the Gāndhārī language, a northwestern prakrit spoken in Gandhāra. Canto 13 of the Bhaṭṭikāvya is written in what is called "like the vernacular" ( bhāṣāsama), that is, it can be read in two languages simultaneously: Prakrit and Sanskrit. Many of Aśvaghoṣa's plays were written in Shauraseni as were a sizable number of Jain works and Rajasekhara's Karpuramanjari. In Jainism, many Svetambara works were written in Maharashtri. Kālidāsa and Harsha also used Maharashtri in some of their plays and poetry. One of the earliest extant Prakrit works is Hāla's anthology of poems in Maharashtri, the Gāhā Sattasaī, dating to the 3rd to 5th century CE. The most notable Prakrit languages were the Jain Prakrit (Ardhamagadhi), Pali, Gāndhārī, Maharashtri and Shauraseni.
Some other famous works are Chanakya's Arthashastra and Vatsyayana's Kamasutra. Later poetic works include Gita Govinda by Jayadeva. Other famous plays include Mricchakatika by Shudraka, Svapna Vasavadattam by Bhasa, and Ratnavali by Sri Harsha. Kālidāsa is often considered to be the greatest playwright in Sanskrit literature and one of the greatest poets in Sanskrit literature his Recognition of Shakuntala and Meghaduuta are the most famous Sanskrit plays. The Laws of Manu is a famous text in Hinduism. Other examples of works written in Classical Sanskrit include the Pāṇini's Ashtadhyayi, which standardised the grammar and phonetics of Classical Sanskrit. The famous poet and playwright Kālidāsa wrote one epic: Raghuvamsha ( Dynasty of Raghu) it was written in Classical Sanskrit rather than Epic Sanskrit. In archaic Indian languages History of literature Eight Jnanpith Awards each have been awarded in Hindi and Kannada, followed by five in Bengali and Malayalam, four in Odia, Gujarati, Marathi, Telugu and Urdu, two each in Assamese and Tamil, and one in Sanskrit. In contemporary Indian literature, there are two major literary awards these are the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship and the Jnanpith Award. In 1913, Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore became India's first Nobel laureate in literature. Thereafter literature in various dialects of Hindi, Persian and Urdu began to appear as well.
Later, literature in Marathi, Gujarati, Assamese, Odia, Bengali and Maithili appeared. In the medieval period, literature in Kannada and Telugu appeared in the 6th and 11th centuries respectively. Classical Sanskrit literature developed rapidly during the first few centuries of the first millennium BCE, as did the Pāli Canon. The Sanskrit epics Ramayana and Mahabharata were subsequently codified and appeared towards the end of the 2nd millennium BCE.
Sanskrit literature begins with the oral literature of the Rig Veda a collection of literature dating to the period 1500–1200 BCE. The earliest works of Indian literature were orally transmitted. The Republic of India has 22 officially recognised languages. Indian literature refers to the literature produced on the Indian subcontinent until 1947 and in the Republic of India thereafter.
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